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Background: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of HIV infection prevalence and laboratory detection results among voluntary non-remunerated blood donators in Hefei.
Methods: Statistical analyses were performed on 609,230 blood samples from blood donation volunteers receiving HIV screening tests in Blood Center of Anhui Province from 2017 through 2021. Blood samples were screened and/or confirmed by HIV ELISA, nucleic acid testing (NAT), and western blotting (WB)-based HIV confirmation detection if appropriate. The reactive rates, correlation, and consistency of HIV ELISA screening and WB confir-mation tests as well as NAT were comprehensively analyzed in a large scale. The efficacies of HIV ELISA reagents were assessed through ROC curve analyses.
Results: The WB confirmed HIV-positive rate averaged 0.013% (80/609,230) among the blood donation cases between 2017 and 2021. In the HIV-positive population, the gender ratio (male to female) was over 25, the age group of 18 - 30 years was predominant, with blood group types of mainly A and B, and most were office employees and students. The total number of HIV preliminary screening tests with reactive results by two ELISA reagents (reagent 1 and reagent 2) amounted to 1,948 (0.320%), with 1,828 of single-reagent reactive and 120 of double-reagent reactive. The HIV ELISA initial and retest reactive rates for reagent 1 vs. reagent 2 were 0.077% vs. 0.405% (p < 0.001) and 0.054% vs. 0.286% (p < 0.001), respectively, but their ELISA retest compliance rates were comparable. The ROC curve analyses showed that the area under curve (AUC) and specificity of reagent 1 were relatively higher than those of reagent 2, but both shared an identical sensitivity.
Conclusions: From 2017 through 2021, the local participation of voluntary non-remunerated blood donation showed an overall increasing trend, and the HIV infection prevalence maintained relatively stable in the blood donating population, with the infected individuals being dominated by sexually active young male office employees and students. There existed certain differences in the screening efficacies of distinct HIV ELISA reagents. The au-thorized laboratories should comprehensively evaluate the selection of blood screening programs and reagents to effectively conserve blood resources and reduce the risk of blood-borne HIV transmission.
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2025.250133
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