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Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic lung disease, commonly face challenges with skeletal muscle dysfunction and sarcopenia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been reported to be associated with skeletal muscle injury. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma GLP-1 and sarcopenia in elderly patients with COPD.
Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight elderly patients with COPD were selected and divided into sarcopenia group (n = 58) and non-sarcopenia group (n = 80). Plasma GLP-1 levels, lung function, and biochemical levels were measured. The relationship between lung function (FEV1%pred) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) was examined using Spearman's correlation test. Independent correlates with sarcopenia in COPD were screened in multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Linear correlation between SMI and GLP-1 was analyzed using restricted cubic spline (RCS).
Results: Plasma GLP-1 levels were higher in the sarcopenia cohort than in the non-sarcopenia cohort (p < 0.001). SMI showed a significant positive correlation with FEV1%pred, particularly more pronounced in females (rs = 0.448). Age, NLR, and elevated GLP-1 were independent risk factors for sarcopenia in COPD. There was a linear association, shown by the RCS curves, between elevated GLP-1 and reduced SMI (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a significant correlation between elevated plasma GLP-1 levels and the development of sarcopenia in elderly patients with COPD.
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2025.241224
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