Abstract
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Lymphocyte Subsets in Covid-19 Saudi Patients: Infection Caused Significant Reduction in Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subset
by Abdellatif Bouazzaoui, Khalid M. Keedwa, Sami M. Sahl, Mohammed S. Al-hashmi, Kamal H. Alzabeedi, Mohammad H. Albshri, Mamdouh A. Bukhari,
Fadel H. Qabani, Iman A. Mula, Omaima I. Badr, Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif, Neda M. Bogari
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Background: In this research study, we aimed to analyze the changes in the lymphocyte subsets in Saudi patients with Covid-19 and assess the possible association of differences in lymphocyte subsets with the infection in local population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy and from Covid-19 patients admitted to Al Nour Hospital from October through December 2022. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to measure the absolute and relative counts of lymphocyte subsets.
Results: The analysis showed that most patients with Covid-19 disease showed moderate illness. The observed symptoms were cough, fever, and feeling tired. In Covid-19 patients, a significant reduction in CD3+ T-cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, B cell, NK cell, and total lymphocyte cell counts have been seen when compared to the healthy control person. Also, the percentage of CD3+T-cells and CD4+ T-cells was significantly decreased in Covid-19 pa-tients compared to the control. In contrast, the percentage of CD4+CD8+ T-cells, CD16+CD56+ NK cells, and CD19+ B-cells was higher in Covid-19 patients versus the healthy control.
Conclusions: Our results showed similar changes as in a previous meta-analysis study including the disease severity and lymphocyte subset counts in patients hospitalized with Covid-19 and could be used as prognostic strategy to predict the outcome and severity of Covid-19 disease. To better understand and explain this reduction, further analysis of other factors, such as IL-4, lymph tissues structure, and N protein-specific antibody, is needed.
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2024.241045
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