Abstract

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare complication of multiple myeloma (MM), with limited data available on its incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment. The underlying mechanisms linking MM and HLH remain unclear, including the potential role of MM treatment agents in triggering HLH.
Methods: This case report presents a patient with MM who developed HLH while on lenalidomide maintenance therapy.
Results: The patient achieved a successful response to first-line ruxolitinib treatment. While the exact cause of HLH in this case remains unclear, potential factors include the patient's underlying MM, lenalidomide therapy, and recurrent infections.
Conclusions: The successful treatment with ruxolitinib highlights its potential as a therapeutic option for HLH in MM patients. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of HLH in this context and to optimize treatment strategies.

DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2024.240810