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Background: The prediction of bone disorders varies between ortho-physicians. A precise bone disorder cataloging system is proposed based on a renewed method for estimating calcium value from a radiological image of the bone.
Methods: A deliberate method was employed, the binning technique, for the input image which divides the input image into non-overlapping blocks to obtain accurate calcium volume estimation. In this proposed approach, the input image undergoes two stages of the process. In stage 1, input image preprocessing is accomplished with median filtering to eliminate the unwanted noise and it increases the quality of the image. Further, the processed image is fed to the Otsu-thresholding-segmentation method to highlight the affected regions from the processed bone image. The LBP (Local Binary Pattern) is a technique implemented to pull out the feature vector alone from the input image. Calcium value is estimated from abnormal regions from the segmented bone image and with the help of extracted texture features, the calcium concentration is obtained. MSVM (Multi-class Support Vector Machine) technique is applied to categorize as normal, osteoporosis, and osteopenia. In stage 2, the entire input is divided into 4 x 4 bins and preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and calcium estimation process were applied similar to stage I to each bin separately and the calcium values of all bins are added together.
Results: Finally, stage 1 and stage 2 calcium values are summed up to obtain a more precise calcium estimation of the input image the feature vectors which were pull-out from others. The result can prove that the proposed binning technique is best for the bone disorder classification system which attained the greater accuracy of 97.4% and sensitivity of 98.3% when compared with and without binning technique.
Conclusions: Validation of the results was performed with bone images, and these bone images were declared by the physician as bone disorder-affected images. The success rate of the bone disorder prediction is 80%.
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2021.210844
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