Abstract
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Lactase Non-Persistence Genotyping: Comparison of Two Real-Time PCR Assays and Assessment of Concomitant Fructose/Sorbitol Malabsorption Rates
by Dietmar Enko, Verena Pollheimer, Stefan Németh, Helene Pühringer, Robert Stolba, Gabriele Halwachs-Baumann, Gernot Kriegshäuser
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Background: Genetic testing is a standard technique for the diagnosis of primary adult-type hypolactasia, also referred to as lactase non-persistence. The aim of this study was to compare the lactase gene (LCT) C/T-13910 polymorphism genotyping results of two commercially available real-time (RT)-PCR assays in patients referred to our outpatient clinic for primary lactose malabsorption testing. Furthermore, concomitant conditions of fructose/sorbitol malabsorption were assessed.
Methods: Samples obtained from 100 patients were tested in parallel using the LCT T-13910C ToolSet™ for Light Cycler™ (Roche, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) and the LCT-13910C>T RealFast™ Assay (ViennaLab Diagnostics GmbH, Vienna, Austria). Additionally, patients were also screened for the presence of fructose/sorbitol malabsorption by functional hydrogen (H2)/methane (CH4) breath testing (HMBT). Cohen’s Kappa (κ) was used to calculate the agreement between the two genotyping methods. The exact Chi-Square test was performed to compare fructose/sorbitol HMBT with LCT genotyping results.
Results: Twenty-one (21.0%) patients had a LCT C/C-13910 genotype suggestive of lactase non-persistence, and 79 (79.0%) patients were identified with either a LCT T/C-13910 or T/T-13910 genotype (i.e., lactase persistence). In all genotype groups, concordance between the two RT-PCR assays was 100%. Cohen’s κ demonstrated perfect observed agreement (p < 0.001, κ = 1). Fructose and sorbitol malabsorption was observed in 13/100 (13.0%) and 25/100 (25.0%) individuals, respectively.
Conclusions: Both RT-PCR assays are robust and reliable LCT genotyping tools in a routine clinical setting. Concomitant fructose and/or sorbitol malabsorption should be considered in individuals with suspected lactase-nonpersistence. However, standardization of clinical interpretation of laboratory HMBT results is required.
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2015.150923
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